For the first time, scientists have identified a previously unknown species of ancient human using only genetic evidence. The "Denisovans" were identified from a finger bone fragment, and their legacy lives on in modern human DNA.
The Discovery
In a Siberian cave, researchers found a tiny bone fragment. DNA analysis revealed it belonged to neither modern humans nor Neanderthals but to a distinct population that split from our common ancestor around 500,000 years ago. They were named Denisovans after the cave.
Their Legacy
Though few physical remains exist, genetic studies show Denisovans interbred with modern humans. Today, people in Southeast Asia and Oceania carry up to 6% Denisovan DNA. Some inherited genes help with high-altitude adaptation and immune function.
The discovery demonstrates the power of ancient DNA to reveal history invisible in the fossil record and suggests other "ghost populations" may await discovery.
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